Science that holds up to scrutiny.

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Singh S, et al. Nerium oleander derived cardiac glycoside oleandrin is a novel inhibitor of HIV infectivity. Fitoterapia. 2013;84:32–39.

Ha DP, et al. Targeting stress induction of GRP78 by cardiac glycoside oleandrin dually suppresses cancer and COVID-19. Cell Biosci. 2024;14(1):115.

Dunn DE, et al. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective activity of the cardiac glycoside oleandrin. J Neurochem. 2011;119(4):805–814.

Van Kanegan MJ, et al. BDNF mediates neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation by the cardiac glycoside oleandrin. J Neurosci. 2014;34(3):963–968.

Van Kanegan MJ, et al. Dual activities of the anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204 provide neuroprotection in brain slice models for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25626.

Pan Y, et al. PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer via targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Invest New Drugs. 2015;33(2):271–279.

Colapietro A, et al. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, inhibits growth of human glioblastoma, reduces Akt/mTOR activities, and modulates GSC cell-renewal properties. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:552428.

Colapietro A, et al. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, is synergistic with radiotherapy in models of human glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:852941.

Vaccaro S, et al. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, sensitizes alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1071176.

Chakraborty S, et al. PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, suppresses glioblastoma stem cells by inhibiting GRP78 and inducing programmed necroptotic cell death. Neoplasia. 2024;54:101008.

Yang P, et al. Oleandrin-mediated inhibition of human tumor cell proliferation: importance of Na,K-ATPase alpha subunits as drug targets. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8(8):2319–2328.

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Manna SK, et al. Oleandrin suppresses activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB, activator protein-1, and c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase. Cancer Res. 2000;60(14):3838–3847.

Jensen GS, et al. Differential activities of the botanical extract PBI-05204 and oleandrin on innate immune functions under viral challenge versus inflammatory culture conditions. Molecules. 2023;28(12):4799.

Dey P, et al. Oleander attenuates hepatic inflammation in a TLR4-independent manner and by favorable modulation of hepatocellular global metabolome that supports cytoprotection. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;323:117717.

Newman RA, et al. Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against bovine viruses of importance to commercial cattle health. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2022;30:20402066221103960.

Newman RA, et al. Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against viruses of importance to commercial pig health management. Front Anim Sci. 2024;5:1359681.

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Fossum TW, et al. Botanical oleander extract and oleandrin have superior effects on innate immune functions pertaining to dermal allergic reactions in canine cells when compared to oclacitinib. Am J Vet Res. 2024;85(12):ajvr.24.05.0153.

Wang X, et al. LC/MS/MS analyses of an oleander extract for cancer treatment. Anal Chem. 2000;72(15):3547–3552.

Ni D, et al. Murine pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oleandrin, a cytotoxic component of Nerium oleander. J Exp Ther Oncol. 2002;2(5):278–285.